Abstract This study aimed to examine chatbot use, perceived concerns, effects, and ethics among university students. The study adopted a purposive sampling technique to select participants. The data for this study were collected from university students from India, the UAE and Jordan. A structured questionnaire was developed from published literature. The study instrument was planned to collect data on respondents’ familiarity and usage, measuring the familiarity and unfamiliarity of different chatbots such as Bard AI, CoPilot, etc., and the frequency of use is measured in terms of using the chatbot regularly, rarely, and never. While attitude, effects of chatbots, and ethical aspects are measured on 5-point Likert scale with 1 signifying strongly agree and 5 signifying strongly disagree. Data were collected electronically through email distribution of the designed Google form survey. A total of 444 participants in this study. The six hypotheses were tested using the independent sample t-test and the ANOVA test. The results of the study present significant differences in the use of chatbots across India, the UAE, and Jordan. The study showed differences in gender and academic level in chatbot use. The analysis exposed that science students demonstrated significantly higher levels of chatbot use and concern compared to non-science students. The outcomes of the study provide valuable insights into the integration of chatbots in academic institutions.
Kaba et al. (Thu,) studied this question.