What type of study is this?

This is a Case-Control Study study.

What question did this study set out to answer?

To evaluate the effectiveness of medical investigations in children diagnosed with PANS and tic disorders.

March 22, 2026JAMA Network Open0 citationsOpen Access

Recommended Medical Investigations in Pediatric Acute-Onset Neuropsychiatric Syndrome

SVSara VasiljevicKarolinska Institutet MWMalin E. WinerdalKarolinska University Hospital RWRonny WickströmKarolinska University Hospital

Key Points

To evaluate the effectiveness of medical investigations in children diagnosed with PANS and tic disorders.
Case-control study design
Comparison between children with PANS and those with idiopathic OCD or tic disorders
Assessment of laboratory findings and recommended investigations
Abnormal laboratory findings were common in both groups
No significant differences in findings between PANS and idiopathic OCD/tic disorders
Recommended medical investigations seldom identified underlying somatic conditions

Abstract

In this case-control study of children with PANS and idiopathic OCD and/or tic disorders, abnormal laboratory findings were common in both groups and did not differ significantly. The full set of recommended medical investigations rarely identified underlying somatic conditions in children with PANS. These findings question the clinical utility of the comprehensive and costly medical investigations currently recommended for children with suspected PANS.

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