Implementing Personalised Medicine in Geriatric Psychiatry: ARecent Systematic Review on Barriers, Benefits, and GeneticApproaches

Introduction:: Geriatric psychiatry faces significant challenges in the diagnosis and treatment of psychiatric disorders because of age-related physiological changes, pharmacological responses, and various other factors. Personalised medicine, especially pharmacogenomics, is a new and more effective way to improve psychiatric treatments by tailoring them to genetic, biochemical, and environmental factors. However, accessibility, ethical concerns, and issues with clinical integration continue to hinder its implementation in geriatric psychiatry Method: : A systematic literature review focused on identifying the studies published from 1995 to 2024. The inclusion criteria involved studies examining individuals aged 60 years or older undergoing psychiatric care, emphasising pharmacogenomics, genetic testing, and personalised therapeutic approaches. The main aim of this study is to focus on the obstacles to implementation, moral issues, and progress in patient-centred care. Result: Pharmacogenomic biomarkers such as CYP2C19, DRD2, and APOE ɛ4 affect how people respond to psychotropic drugs and their metabolism, helping choose the best medication and dosage for personalised care. Some barriers are hindrances, such as limited access to specialized facilities, a lack of extensive, credible genetic data, and insufficient training for doctors. Ethical issues about the personal and genetic data make implementation even harder. In addition, progress in biomarker research, polygenic risk scores, and digital health technologies offers promising avenues for incorporating personalised approaches into psychiatric care for older adults. Discussion: Personalised medicine represents a drastic shift in geriatric psychiatry, prioritising patient-centred care. People from different fields need to work together; clinicians need better training; there is a need for ethical laws to protect genetic data; and people need awareness. Reviews show that caregiver involvement and AI-powered monitoring can help improve patient care and outcomes. Conclusion: Together, pharmacogenomics and personalised methods can increase psychiatric care and quality of life for geriatric adults by giving accurate, ethical, and economical mental health interventions.