Accelerating the ionic transport properties in zwitterionic PAM-based hydrogel for direct liquid fuel cells

Key Points

• To enhance ionic transport properties in zwitterionic PAM-based hydrogels for fuel cells.
• Utilized zwitterionic PAM-based hydrogel as the primary material for fuel cells.
• Assessed ionic transport properties through experimental measurements.
• Evaluated stability and economic feasibility of the hydrogel for fuel cell applications.
• Increased ionic transport properties were observed in the zwitterionic PAM-based hydrogel.
• The fuel cells demonstrated improved energy conversion efficiency and energy density.
• Stability issues were addressed, indicating potential for practical applications.