Trends and risk factors for spinal cord injury-induced heterotopic ossification: A retrospective population-based cross-sectional study using the 2016–2021 National Inpatient Sample (NIS)

Key Points

• The study aims to identify trends and risk factors associated with heterotopic ossification in spinal cord injury patients.
• Retrospective population-based analysis using the National Inpatient Sample from 2016 to 2021
• Examination of patient records for trends in spinal cord injury and heterotopic ossification
• Assessment of risk factors and associated conditions
• Identified significant risk factors for developing heterotopic ossification in hospitalized SCI patients
• Found an inverse association between heterotopic ossification and lung injury or pneumonia, suggesting a protective effect