Introduction: This paper assesses the second-life potential of end-of-life (EoL) E-ferry cells for stationary battery energy storage systems (BESSs). Given the challenges associated with repurposing electric vehicle batteries, including heterogeneous aging profiles and complex cell balancing, this study explores an alternative pathway using E-ferry batteries that are replaced earlier due to their frequent usage in daily operations.
Qian et al. (Tue,) studied this question.