The present study elucidated the potential mechanism of HLU-induced muscle atrophy at the metabolic level. These findings may supply potential biomarkers for astronaut health monitoring and be useful for clinical muscle atrophy treatment. Liu L, Cui Y, Wu R, Yang J, Li Y. Mechanisms of rat gastrocnemius muscular atrophy induced by hindlimb unloading. Aerosp Med Hum Perform. 2026; 97(4):226-234.
Liu et al. (Sat,) studied this question.