This study demonstrates that endophytic colonization of tomato plants by Bt negatively affects S. littoralis fitness, making its larval stages also more sensitive to spray applications of Bt and, likely, to the action of other biocontrol agents. These findings open new perspectives for Bt use in sustainable pest management strategies. © 2026 The Author(s). Pest Management Science published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of Society of Chemical Industry.
Luca et al. (Sat,) studied this question.