Current state of genetic literacy in the prevention of genetic disorders in Sub-Saharan Africa: A scoping review

• Genetic literacy in Sub-Saharan Africa remains critically low. • Positive attitudes persist despite poor access to genetic testing. • Healthcare workers show readiness but lack training and resources. • Strengthening education, policy, and testing access is vital to improve prevention. • Abbreviations: TOP, Termination of pregnancy; PNT, Prenatal testing; PMGS, Premarital Genetic Services. Genetic disorders are a global public health challenge, especially in low- and middle-income Africa. Despite rising prevalence, genetic literacy remains low, affecting health-related decision-making. The study aimed to map out the current state of genetic literacy in Africa and its role in the prevention of genetic disorders, focusing on knowledge, perceptions, attitudes, acceptance, and barriers to genetic testing and prenatal screening. Guided by Arksey and O’Malley’s scoping review framework, the study systematically searched CINAHL, PubMed, Cochrane Library, Web of Science, Science Direct, Google Scholar, and Scopus for literature published between 2015 and 2025. Studies included were those assessing genetic literacy among African populations, including healthcare professionals, patients, students, pregnant women, and stakeholders. A total of 1243 studies were screened and 20 studies from 11 African countries were included. The findings revealed that even though majority have at one time or the other heard of genetic disorders, there was widespread low levels of genetic knowledge even among health care professional, and available screening services. Most respondents had positive attitudes towards genetic testing, but acceptance was hindered by cost, equipment, limited training, and mistrust of genetic research. Genetic literacy in Africa remains low across diverse populations, undermining efforts to prevent genetic disorders. While there is general willingness to embrace genetic testing, major structural and educational barriers persist. There is an urgent need for context-specific educational interventions, policy integration, and resource allocation to strengthen genetic literacy and expand access to genetic services across the continent.