Formal and cadastral dimensions and the risks of floods for Wadi Abu Kahf south of Anbar province

Aims: This study aims to analyze the morphometric characteristics of the Wadi Abu Kahf drainage basin, a tributary system draining into Lake Razzaza, the entirety of which lies within the administrative boundaries of Anbar Governorate. The research also seeks to underscore the significance of fluvial basin analysis in elucidating the hydrological and geomorphological properties of the basin. A primary objective is to identify the natural parameters influencing surface runoff and flash flood potential, thereby informing strategies for optimal land utilization within the basin. Methods: The study employs a descriptive-analytical approach to examine the basin's natural and morphometric attributes, drawing upon topographic maps and pertinent geographical data. Quantitative analytical techniques were utilized to compute fundamental morphometric indices, including basin area, length, width, main channel length, and perimeter. Furthermore, an analysis of altitudinal variations and slope gradients was conducted to assess their influence on the dynamics of water flow within the basin. Results: The findings reveal that the basin has a perimeter of approximately 347 km, a length of 111.3 km, an average width of 11.6 km, and a main channel length of 145.5 km. The basin exhibits a progressive decrease in elevation from 344 meters above sea level at its headwaters to approximately 46 meters at its outlet. This considerable altitudinal gradient indicates a pronounced slope, which significantly enhances surface runoff velocity. These geomorphometric characteristics suggest that the basin is susceptible to flash floods of relatively high intensity, posing a potential geomorphological hazard to the region. Conclusions: This study provides a comprehensive quantitative and qualitative analysis of the morphometric characteristics of the Wadi Abu Kahf basin, a significant hydrological feature within the Lake Razzaza system. The results demonstrate that the basin's morphology—characterized by its considerable area, elongated configuration, and pronounced gradient—predisposes it to rapid hydrological responses, including high-velocity surface runoff and flash floods. The study emphasizes that characterizing these morphometric properties is not merely an exercise in geographical description but a fundamental prerequisite for effective land-use planning and sustainable water resource management. Consequently, it recommends the undertaking of more detailed hydrological and geomorphological assessments to develop flood hazard maps and delineate areas suitable for safe agricultural and urban development.