What question did this study set out to answer?

This study aims to assess and compare the antimicrobial effectiveness of Phytosphingosine nano-emulsion, Chitosan nano-emulsion, and Triple Antibiotic Paste against E. faecalis in endodontics.

April 5, 2026International Journal of Nanomedicine0 citationsOpen Access

Comparison of the Antimicrobial Properties of Nanoemulsions Made from Phytosphingosine and Chitosan with a Triple Antibiotic Paste Against Enterococcus faecalis in Endodontics: An in-vitro Study

Q: What does this research mean for the field?

Phytosphingosine nano-emulsion (PHSN) demonstrates significantly higher antimicrobial efficacy against Enterococcus faecalis compared to Chitosan nano-emulsion (CHN) and Triple Antibiotic Paste (TAP), with a minimum inhibitory concentration of 1 μg/mL. Novelty: ClaimNovelty.INCREMENTAL. Consensus alignment: ConsensusAlignment.NEUTRAL.

GJGanesh JadhavAll India Institute of Medical Sciences, Nagpur PMPriya MittalSanskriti Samvardhan Mandal MMMohammed Abdul Kader MKing Khalid University

Key Points

This study aims to assess and compare the antimicrobial effectiveness of Phytosphingosine nano-emulsion, Chitosan nano-emulsion, and Triple Antibiotic Paste against E. faecalis in endodontics.
Preparation of three intracanal medicaments (PHSN, CHN, TAP) following standard protocols.
Evaluation of antimicrobial properties using Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) and disk diffusion methods.
Analysis of results using ANOVA and post hoc Tukey’s tests.
PHSN exhibited a MIC of 1 μg/mL, significantly more effective than CHN (32 μg/mL) and TAP (4.0 μL/mL).
PHSN produced the largest zone of inhibition (38.3 ± 1.48 mm) compared to CHN (8.16 ± 0.966 mm) and TAP (6.30 ± 1.71 mm).
CHN showed a larger zone than TAP; however, the difference was statistically non-significant.

Abstract

Purpose: Aerobic and facultative anaerobic bacteria are most commonly found in failed root canal cases. Among those, Enterococcus faecalis (E. faecalis) is the most resistant intracanal microbe. Hence, the antibacterial effectiveness of various intracanal medicaments (ICMs) is primarily tested against E. faecalis . To eliminate such resistant bacteria from the entire root canal system, various contemporary intracanal medicaments (ICMs) with an effective antibacterial action are evaluated. The purpose of the study is to compare the antimicrobial efficacy of intracanal medications, Phytosphingosine nano-emulsion (PHSN), Chitosan nano-emulsion (CHN), and Triple Antibiotic Paste (TAP) against E. faecalis in endodontics. Patients and Methods: Assuming the Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) of 15.93 and SD 1.53 with estimated error of 1, 80% power, and 5% alpha error, the sample size was calculated as 9. All three ICMs were prepared following the standard protocols. These ICMs were categorised into 3 groups as follows: Group I: PHSN; Group II: CHN; Group III: TAP. The antibacterial property of these ICMs was evaluated using MIC and disk diffusion methods. ANOVA and post hoc Tukey’s tests. Results: The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) was found to be 1 μg/mL for PHSN, 32 μg/mL for CHN, and 4.0 μL/mL for TAP against E. faecalis . PHSN showed the largest zone of inhibition (38.3 ± 1.48), followed by CHN (8.16 ± 0.966), and TAP (6.30 ± 1.71). Thus, PHSN showed significantly higher antimicrobial efficiency compared to CHN and TAP (p < 0.05). Although CHN showed a higher zone of inhibition than the TAP, the difference between them was statistically nonsignificant. Conclusion: Phytosphingosine nano-emulsion (PHSN) has maximum efficacy against E. faecalis , and it can hinder its growth with a minimum inhibitory concentration of 1μg/mL. Chitosan nano-emulsion (CHN) shows slightly more efficacy than Triple Antibiotic Paste (TAP), but without any statistical significance. Keywords: antimicrobial agent, E. faecalis , phytosphingosine, chitosan, Triple Antibiotic Paste

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