Cross-Linking–Effect on Physical Properties of Polymers

Abstract Many of the polymers used in composite systems and in other applications are cross-linked or thermoset polymers. How do such cross-linked polymers differ in properties from the better-understood linear or thermoplastic polymers? This review paper attempts to answer this question. The paper is written from the practical viewpoint of the experimental scientist who is using cross-linked polymers but who is not an expert on the theory of cross-linking. In spite of their intractable nature once they have been formed, and the difficulty of fabricating highly cross-linked polymers, such materials have some outstanding properties that make them ideal for many applications. The properties include (1) excellent dimensional stability and low creep rates, (2) resistance to solvents, and (3) in many cases, high heat-distortion or softening temperatures.