August 16, 2005Circulation291 citations
View Full PaperAnemia and Change in Hemoglobin Over Time Related to Mortality and Morbidity in Patients With Chronic Heart Failure
Structured PICO
Are changes in hemoglobin over time associated with mortality and morbidity in patients with chronic heart failure?
P
Population
Patients with moderate to severe chronic heart failure
O
Outcome
Mortality and morbidityhard clinical
Changes in hemoglobin over 12 months are inversely associated with subsequent mortality and morbidity in patients with moderate to severe chronic heart failure.
Abstract
Changes in Hgb over 12 months were inversely associated with subsequent risk of mortality and morbidity, independently of the effects of baseline anemia and other important predictors. Several factors were independently related to anemia at baseline and changes in Hgb, suggesting multiple causes of anemia in patients with heart failure. These findings raise important questions about the optimal level of Hgb in patients with moderate to severe heart failure and how to achieve them.