EPR and ENDOR proved to be sensitive methods for detecting Gd³⁺ release and characterizing retained Gd species within intact brain tissue. Our findings demonstrate inflammation-promoted Gd retention, underscore the importance of integrating in vivo and ex vivo analyses to unravel mechanisms of long-term Gd retention, and suggest that conventional MRI may underestimate the true extent of Gd accumulation, especially under neuroinflammatory conditions.
Anderhalten et al. (Mon,) studied this question.