Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) has traditionally been viewed as a problem confined to human healthcare and livestock production systems. However, emerging evidence indicates that resistant bacteria commonly termed “superbugs” are increasingly being detected in wildlife populations, raising serious concerns about the environmental spread of resistance. This article explores the expanding role of wildlife in the ecology of AMR through a One Health lens, highlighting how environmental contamination, improper waste disposal, and interactions at the wildlife–livestock–human interface contributes to this phenomenon. Wild animals, including birds, rodents, carnivores, and aquatic species, are now recognized as potential reservoirs and vectors of antimicrobial-resistant pathogens, despite not being directly exposed to antibiotics. The dissemination of resistance through water systems, landfills, and shared habitats underscores the complexity and interconnectedness of AMR transmission pathways. In the Indian context, factors such as rapid urbanization, dense livestock populations, and inadequate waste management amplify these risks, particularly in ecologically sensitive zones. The presence of AMR in wildlife has significant implications for public health, livestock productivity, and ecosystem stability. It challenges existing containment strategies and calls for a broader, integrated approach. The article emphasizes the need for strengthened environmental surveillance, rational antibiotic use, improved waste management, and enhanced cross-sectoral collaboration. Veterinarians play a critical role in this effort, serving as key stakeholders in implementing One Health strategies.
Pranav Anjaria, Digjay Kabariya, Preet Shah, Kirit Bhedi & Vinay Kalaria (Wed,) studied this question.