As a bridge linking surface seismic data and borehole information, Walkaway Vertical Seismic Profiling (VSP) technology has unique advantages in the exploration of structurally complex hydrocarbon reservoirs. Using actual Walkaway VSP data from a complex slope zone in the X Basin as an example, this paper systematically presents a complete technical workflow, covering raw data quality control, amplitude- and vector-preserving processing, and imaging. To address the challenges of strong topographic relief, complex wavefield, and severe signal loss during data acquisition in this area, a multi-stage, coupled amplitude-preserving strategy is innovatively proposed. The workflow integrates five techniques, including RT rotation correction, abnormal amplitude suppression, spherical divergence compensation, consistent amplitude compensation, and amplitude balancing, which effectively resolve the problem of uneven wavefield energy distribution. Depth-domain velocity modeling and migration imaging of Walkaway VSP data are carried out using tomography and pre-stack Kirchhoff depth migration. Processing results from real data demonstrate that the optimized preprocessing workflow significantly enhances deep effective signal energy and improves the signal-to-noise ratio, providing a high-quality data foundation for subsequent pre-stack depth migration imaging. The amplitude- and vector-preserving preprocessing and depth-domain migration imaging workflow proposed in this study offers a reference for Walkaway VSP data processing in complex geological areas.
Yang et al. (Wed,) studied this question.