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April 25, 2026Open Access

Integrated metabolomics and bioactivity analysis of Cynoglossum lanceolatum root extract as a natural inducer of resistance to rice bacterial blight

Key Points

The aim is to evaluate the potential of Cynoglossum lanceolatum root extract as a natural inducer of resistance against rice bacterial blight.
Screened Cynoglossum lanceolatum for antioxidant and antibacterial activities.
Tested methanol and aqueous extracts for polyphenol content and antioxidant activity.
Performed microbial assays and molecular docking to identify effective metabolites.
Methanol extract showed higher phytochemical content and antioxidant activity compared to aqueous extract.
Identified a total of 59 metabolites, some with known antimicrobial properties.
Significant reduction in Xoo lesions was observed in rice following pre-treatment with the extract.

Abstract

Background Synthetic pesticides are widely used in agriculture to manage pests and reduce yield loss. Phytochemicals with antioxidant and antibacterial activities have great potential for treating plant diseases and reducing the use of synthetic chemicals. Identifying compounds from various plant species is crucial for their potential agricultural applications. Methods In the present study, Cynoglossum lanceolatum was screened for potential antioxidant, antimicrobial, and bacterial blight protection abilities. Methanol and aqueous extracts of C. Lanceolatum root was tested for their polyphenol content, antioxidant potential, metabolomics and antimicrobial study. Results Results revealed that methanol extract exhibited higher phytochemical content and antioxidant activity. FTIR examination of extracts identified functional groups such as OH, C-H, C=C, and C-N, indicating the presence of distinct metabolites. The GC-MS investigation indicated the existence of 59 metabolites, several of which had previously been described as antimicrobial agents. Furthermore, in vitro antibacterial studies confirmed the antimicrobial effect of methanol extract against Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae ( Xoo ). Moreover, prediction of antimicrobial metabolites, particularly 7-hydroxy-4-methylcoumarin-3-acetic acid, was confirmed through molecular docking study with D-alanine-D-alanine ligase A (DdlA) and the peptide deformylase (PDF) protein of Xoo. Finally, the study evaluated the effectiveness of C. lanceolatu m root extract against bacterial blight disease, finding a significant reduction in Xoo lesions in pre-treatment and also showing their efficacy in post-treatment. Effect of extract was also observed in the photosynthetic status of rice by measuring chlorophyll A fluorescence. Conclusion C. lanceolatum is a promising plant for its versatile role as an antioxidant, antimicrobial, and bacterial blight disease protection in rice.

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