Sleep and Behavioral Problems in Preschool Children in the Post-Pandemic Period

Aim: This study aims to examine the relationship between sleep habits and behavioral problems among preschool-aged children in the post-COVID-19 pandemic period. Given the limited literature on the long-term effects of the pandemic on child development, this research seeks to fill an important gap, particularly within the context of Türkiye.Material and Methods: This was a cross-sectional, descriptive study. Data were collected via an online survey completed by parents of children aged 3 to 6 years attending preschools (n = 203). Children’s sleep habits were assessed using the Children’s Sleep Habits Questionnaire (CSHQ), while their behavioral characteristics were evaluated through the Preschool Behavior Questionnaire (PBQ).Results: The mean total CSHQ score was 45.74 ± 6.57, indicating that a majority of participants were at clinical risk for sleep problems. According to PBQ scores, the most commonly reported behavioral issues were aggressive behaviors and hyperactivity–inattention. Furthermore, significant and positive correlations were found between PBQ total scores and several CSHQ subscales, including parasomnias, sleep anxiety, bedtime resistance, and daytime sleepiness.Conclusions: The findings reveal that both sleep disturbances and behavioral problems became more prevalent among preschool children in the post-pandemic period. The strong association between disrupted sleep patterns and behavioral maladjustment underscores the need for comprehensive intervention programs that support children’s psychological and developmental well-being. These results are critical for understanding the long-term developmental impact of the pandemic and for informing the development of preventive strategies.Implication for nursing practice: The findings highlight the need for routine screening of sleep and behavioral problems in preschool children. Integrating sleep hygiene education and early interventions into nursing practice may help reduce post-pandemic developmental challenges.