Background: The rapid shift to remote and hybrid learning models following the COVID-19 pandemic has substantially increased screen time among university students, raising concerns about digital eye strain (DES), also known as computer vision syndrome. This study aimed to determine the prevalence of DES and identify associated risk factors among university students engaged in remote learning. Methods: A cross-sectional online survey was conducted among 1,247 undergraduate and postgraduate students across five universities in India between March and May 2024. The Computer Vision Syndrome Questionnaire (CVS-Q) was used to assess DES symptoms. Demographic data, screen time patterns, ergonomic practices, and ocular history were collected. Descriptive statistics, chi-square tests, and multivariate logistic regression were used for analysis. Results: The overall prevalence of DES was 74.8% (95% CI: 72.3–77.2%). The most commonly reported symptoms were eye strain (68.4%), headache (61.2%), and dry eyes (54.7%). Mean daily screen time was 8.6 ± 3.2 hours. Significant risk factors identified through multivariate logistic regression included: screen time > 6 hours/day (adjusted OR = 3.42, 95% CI: 2.51–4.66), improper viewing distance < 40 cm (aOR = 2.18, 95% CI: 1.63–2.91), infrequent blinking during screen use (aOR = 2.87, 95% CI: 2.12–3.89), pre-existing refractive error (aOR = 1.76, 95% CI: 1.29–2.40), and lack of ambient lighting (aOR = 1.94, 95% CI: 1.43–2.63). Only 23.4% of students reported following the 20-20-20 rule regularly. Conclusions: Digital eye strain is highly prevalent among university students during remote learning. Modifiable risk factors including screen time, viewing distance, and blinking habits present actionable targets for intervention. These findings support the need for institutional eye health education programs and ergonomic guidelines in digital learning environments.
Nair et al. (Tue,) studied this question.