Light emission and detection are basic processes at the core of applications in optics and photonics, such as lighting, sensing and telecom. Despite extensive work on the design of light-matter interfaces, the exchange of electromagnetic radiation with matter is still a challenge. Here, we show how subwavelength interlayers can lead to light outcoupling efficiencies approaching 100% in combination with strong directional emission, specifically from materials with a large refractive index. We also highlight potentials for enhanced light detection and control, via structural reciprocity. Our findings are particularly relevant for semiconductor-based nanophotonic devices, which typically suffer from a large mismatch with respect to free-space and guided modes.
Hossam Galal (Wed,) studied this question.