• FCM-GA achieves MAE = 0.053, outperforming five baselines (p 0.28) • Impedance plateau (|ΔZ100| 0.28 ), K as the principal inhibitor ( S ¯ = − 0.24 ), and P as agronomically negligible ( S ¯ < 0.05 ). Convergence diagnostics confirm that the GA reaches fitness ϕ ≥ 0.90 within a mean of 2, 140 ± 680 generations at ∼ 90 s per fruit on commodity hardware. The framework costs ≈ USD 30 per BIS unit and requires no laboratory analysis of the sampled fruit. The harvest-timing indicator is presented as a preliminary observation; validation against independent destructive maturity measurements is required to confirm the impedance plateau as a reliable harvest signal.
Sanchez et al. (Fri,) studied this question.