Abstract Background and aims We investigated the association between long-term exposure to ambient air pollutants and stroke risk in the general population of Taranto, Italy. Methods We analyzed residents of Taranto enrolled in the Tramontana cohort of the MISTRAL project from 2016 to 2025 (N≈230,000). Incident stroke events were identified during follow-up. Individual long-term exposure to PM2.5, PM10, NO2, and O3 was estimated using annual mean concentrations. Stroke risk was evaluated using Cox proportional hazards models, while accelerated failure time (AFT) models were applied to assess the impact of air pollution on time to stroke onset. Models were adjusted for age, sex, disability status, and mean income, and multi-pollutant models were used to identify independent effects. Results During a mean follow-up of approximately nine years, 2.3% of participants experienced a first stroke. Higher exposure to PM2.5, PM10, and NO2 was consistently associated with increased stroke risk in fully adjusted Cox models and with shorter time to stroke onset in AFT models (all p0.01). O3 was not associated with increased stroke risk and showed a modest inverse association in multi-pollutant analyses. Older age, male sex, higher disability burden, and lower income were independently associated with stroke incidence. Conclusions Long-term exposure to PM2.5, PM10, and NO2 is an independent risk factor for stroke in the general population of Taranto, supporting the role of air pollution reduction in stroke prevention. Conflict of interest Nothing to disclose Figure 1 - belongs to Methods Figure 2 - belongs to Results
Sardone et al. (Fri,) studied this question.
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