NMR-based metabolomics of Indonesian jamu for diabetes: chemical composition, toxicity, and zebrafish behavioral impact

Key Points

• The aim is to analyze the chemical composition and toxicity of Indonesian jamu, specifically its effects on zebrafish behavior.
• H-NMR analysis was performed to identify metabolites in the jamu extract.
• Principal Component Analysis (PCA) was used to analyze metabolite clustering.
• Zebrafish were exposed to jamu extract to assess acute toxicity and behavioral responses.
• 30 metabolites were identified in the jamu extract through H-NMR analysis.
• Zebrafish exposed to up to 800 mg/L of jamu extract showed no mortality or significant toxicity-related behavioral changes.
• The unique chemical composition of jamu suggests it has low toxicity and potential therapeutic effects.