Multivariate analysis of body mass index management capabilities in senior patients with chronic heart failure in China: a cross-sectional study

Objective This study aims to examine the current status of body mass index (BMI) management capabilities among senior patients with chronic heart failure (CHF) in China, identify key influencing factors, and provide evidence-based recommendations for the development of targeted intervention strategies. Methods The study enrolled 550 senior patients diagnosed with CHF. Participants were assessed using three instruments: a general information questionnaire, a CHF BMI management scale, and a chronic disease self-efficacy scale. Descriptive statistics, Pearson correlation analysis, univariate analysis, and multiple linear regression analysis were employed to evaluate the level of BMI management capabilities and to identify influencing factors. Results The mean score on the CHF BMI management scale was 17.43 ± 9.21, indicating an overall low level of BMI management capability. The mean score on the chronic disease self-efficacy scale was 31.95 ± 8.97. A positive correlation was observed between the scores on the chronic disease self-efficacy scale and the CHF BMI management scale ( r = 0.34, p 0.01). Multiple linear regression analysis identified family attention to patients’ health status, chronic disease self-efficacy, the subtype of chronic heart failure (CHF), and the duration of the disease as significant determinants of BMI management capabilities ( p 0.01). Collectively, these variables accounted for 17.9% of the variance observed in BMI management capabilities. Notably, family attention to the patients’ health status was identified as the primary determinant of BMI management capabilities in this population. Conclusion Senior patients with CHF demonstrate limited BMI management capabilities, influenced by multiple factors; with family attention to health status being the most critical influencing factor. Healthcare providers should develop and implement targeted interventions for BMI management informed by these key influencing factors to improve the clinical outcomes and the quality of life for senior CHF patients.