Interactive shape design using volumetric implicit PDEs

Solid modeling based on Partial Differential Equations (PDEs) can potentially unify both geometric constraints and functional requirements within a single design framework to model real-world objects via its explicit, direct integration with parametric geometry. In contrast, implicit functions indirectly define geometric objects as the level-set of underlying scalar fields. To maximize the modeling potential of PDE-based methodology, in this paper we tightly couple PDEs with volumetric implicit functions in order to achieve interactive, intuitive shape representation, manipulation, and deformation. In particular, the unified approach can reconstruct the PDE geometry of arbitrary topology from scattered data points or a set of sketch curves. We make use of a fourth-order elliptic PDE to define the volumetric implicit function. The proposed implicit PDE model has the capability to reconstruct a complete solid model from partial information and facilitates the direct manipulation of underlying volumetric datasets via sketch curves, iso-surface sculpting, deformation of arbitrary interior regions, as well as a set of CSG operations inside the working space.The prototype system that we have developed allows designers to interactively sketch the curve outlines of the object, define intensity values and gradient directions, and specify interpolatory points in the 3D working space. The governing implicit PDE treats these constraints as generalized boundary conditions to determine the unknown scalar intensity values over the entire working space. The implicit shape is reconstructed with specified intensity value accordingly and can be deformed using a set of sculpting toolkits. We use the finite-difference discretization and variational interpolating approach with the localized iterative solver for the numerical integration of our PDEs in order to accommodate the diversity of generalized boundary constraints.