The impact of doctor–patient communication on medication adherence and blood pressure control in patients with hypertension: a systematic review

Background: This systematic review aims to present existing evidence concerning the effects of doctor-patient communication on medication adherence and blood pressure control in hypertensive patients. Methods: Two researchers independently conducted comprehensive searches of five databases and screened relevant studies published from the inception of these databases up to July 21, 2024. The titles, abstracts, and full texts of all the retrieved articles subsequently underwent rigorous duplicate screening, according to predefined inclusion and exclusion criteria. We then synthesized the findings in a narrative format of the included studies. Finally, two researchers independently assessed study quality. Results: Eighteen observational studies encompassing 21,542 patients and seven randomized controlled trials with 2,804 patients were included in the systematic review. Diverse approaches were employed for evaluating doctor-patient communication and medication adherence in these studies, with identified themes including communication content and communication skills. Various facets of doctor-patient communication, including patient satisfaction with doctor-patient communication, the specific content discussed, the style of communication, the comprehensive communication skills of doctors, and the duration of these conversations, were scrutinized. In general, the results suggest a promising link between effective doctor-patient communication and increased medication adherence and blood pressure control. Nonetheless, the presence of nuanced variations and subtle distinctions within the literature underscores the imperative for deeper exploration and consideration in clinical practice. Additionally, effective communication interventions must attain a certain threshold of intensity and endure for an adequate duration. Conclusion: This review underscores the pivotal role of robust doctor-patient communication in improving both medication adherence and blood pressure control. Nevertheless, additional research may be warranted to address the disparities and subtleties in the literature and to establish precise implications for clinical practice. Moreover, in clinical practice, strategies to enhance doctor-patient communication should be incorporated, given the potential to improve medication adherence and blood pressure control among hypertensive patients. Trial registration: Systematic review registration: PROSPERO with registration number CRD42024503112.