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We demonstrate that a broad class of modular inflation models predicts the emergence of new physics within an energy range of approximately 1015 to 1017 GeV. This prediction arises by comparing the moduli-dependent species scale with observational constraints on inflation. Specifically, we illustrate this within the context of SL(2,Z)-modular inflation models by reexpressing inflationary observables in terms of the species scale. We further discuss the implications of this approach for generic Calabi-Yau threefolds.
Aoki et al. (Mon,) studied this question.