Key points are not available for this paper at this time.
PART I: MUSLIMS AND THE WEST: A MUTUAL ACCOMMODATION Ethnic Islam and Multiculturalism Islam as Stigma Secularized Ismal PART II: WESTERN MUSLIMS AND GLOBAL ISLAM: THE IMAGINED UMMAH The Essentialized Ummah The Virtual Ummah The Quest for Religious Authority The Reinvented Ummah
A 2005 study studied this question.