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Global Positioning System (GPS) has enabled a number of geographical applications over many years. Quite a lot of location-based services, however, still suffer from considerable positioning errors of GPS (usually 1m to 20m in practice). In this study, we design and implement a high-accuracy global positioning solution based on GPS and human mobility captured by mobile phones. Our key observation is that smart phone-enabled dead reckoning supports accurate but local coordinates of users' trajectories, while GPS provides global but inconsistent coordinates. Considering them simultaneously, we devise techniques to refine the global positioning results by fitting the global positions to the structure of locally measured ones, so the refined positioning results are more likely to elicit the ground truth. We develop a prototype system, named GloCal, and conduct comprehensive experiments in both crowded urban and spacious suburban areas. The evaluation results show that GloCal can achieve 30% improvement on average error with respect to GPS.
Wu et al. (Mon,) studied this question.