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Data on loundness comparisons are complemented by additional measurements. Thus, temporal effects in loudness with respect to four parameters can be summarized: (a) phase effects of complex tones and the influence of physiological noise, both in the low-frequency range, (b) effects of amplitude modulation, (c) frequency modulation, and (d) bandwidth in the high-frequency range. Additionally, transient masking patterns and the corresponding specific loudness patterns produced by strongly time-varying sounds are discussed. A model for the loudness development of such sounds is designed and realized electronically as a loudness measuring device. The usefulness of this equipment is demonstrated for measuring loudness of the following six types of sounds that vary both temporally and spectrally: (a) single tone bursts as a function of duration, (b) sinusoidally amplitude modulated tones as a function of repetition rate, (c) bandpass noise with constant rms value as a function of bandwidth within the critical band, (d) strongly frequency modulated tones as a function of modulation frequency, (e) temporally partially masked tone bursts, and (f) continuous speech.
Eberhard Zwicker (Thu,) studied this question.