This paper proposes the "Sequential Discontinuity Model" — a novel theoretical framework that describes the structure of elementary particles and the vacuum through the geometry of spatial ruptures resulting from the sequential unfolding of the Universe's space from 0D to 3D. I introduce a vector representation method for particle states, where coordinates algebraically encode ruptures and the drives toward their compensation. Within this framework, the physical nature of mass is derived as a mechanical freezing of energy, resulting from the geometric coming together and conjugation of photon pairs toward a single point. The model provides a unified explanation for the baryon mass difference, the mechanism of baryon number conservation during paired particle generation, and neutrino oscillations. On a cosmological scale, I demonstrate that dark energy and dark matter constitute the dynamic environment of the vacuum, where gravity emerges as a localized space curvature driven by the ratio of dark particles near and within objects with mass. The structures of stable particles are presented. The reason for their stability is described. The structure of dark particles and the cause of their effects are disclosed. The provided list of references reflects the basic theoretical context of the study. Keywords: Universe, photon, electron, positron, electron neutrino, electron antineutrino, dark matter, dark energy, quarks, antiquarks, particles, antiparticles, particle structure, gravity, expansion of the Universe, Standard Model, speed of light. Main research areas: The origin of the Universe. The mechanics of particle movement. Baryons as critical system errors. The composition of certain particles: photons, the electron, the positron, the electron neutrino, the electron antineutrino, dark matter, and dark energy. The role of u, d quarks and u', d' antiquarks in particle structures. Reasoning about the properties of micro- and macro-space based on particle structure. The analysis of certain particle experiments.
Элеонора Дудко (Fri,) studied this question.