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This lecture traces the theme of opening black boxes in the sociology of science. It is argued that now sociologists have got inside the black box of science, they need to make more impact upon the conduct of areas of science. The issue of what makes for `heroes' and `villains' within science is considered by tracing different styles of science. Two cases where scientific heroes became villains are examined: Andrew Crosse's claim to observe life emerging from a galvanic cell, and the claims by Pons and Fleischmann to observe cold fusion. The lecture concludes by considering possible characteristics which a hero within the field of STS would need to exhibit.
Trevor Pinch (Sat,) studied this question.