Adolescents with congenital heart disease had significantly lower depressive symptoms than community controls, though 12.2% experienced persistently elevated symptoms over time.
Cohort (n=574)
Do adolescents with CHD have different levels of depressive symptoms compared to community adolescents, and how do persistent symptoms impact quality of life?
While adolescents with CHD generally report fewer depressive symptoms than peers, a subset experiences persistent depression that negatively impacts physical functioning and quality of life, warranting clinical vigilance.
Patients with CHD are vulnerable to psychiatric disorders. The present study compared baseline depressive symptoms between adolescents with CHD and community adolescents, and also assessed the development and persistence of depressive symptoms in patients. We examined the implications of persistent depressive symptoms towards quality of life and patient-reported health. In total, 296 adolescents with CHD participated in a four-wave longitudinal study, with 9-month intervals, and completed measures of depressive symptoms - Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale (CES-D) - at time points one to four and of quality of life - linear analogue scale (LAS) - and patient-reported health - LAS and Pediatric Quality of Life Inventory - at T (time) 4. Information about diagnosis, disease complexity, and previous heart surgery was collected from medical records. At T1, 278 patients were matched 1:1 with community adolescents, based on sex and age. The findings of this study indicate that patients scored significantly lower on depressive symptoms compared with community adolescents. Depressive symptoms in the total patient sample were stable over time and were unrelated to disease complexity. Based on conventional cut-off scores of the CES-D, substantial individual differences existed in the extent to which depressive symptoms persisted over time: 12.2% of the patients reported elevated depressive symptoms at minimally three out of the four time points. Especially physical functioning, cardiac symptoms, and patient-reported health at T4 were predicted by persistent depressive symptoms, even when controlling for the level of depressive symptoms at T4. Our findings indicate that those involved in the care of adolescents with CHD should remain vigilant to persistent depressive symptoms and arrange timely referral to mental healthcare services.
Luyckx et al. (Tue,) conducted a cohort in Congenital Heart Disease (n=574). Congenital Heart Disease vs. Community adolescents was evaluated on Depressive symptoms (CES-D). Adolescents with congenital heart disease had significantly lower depressive symptoms than community controls, though 12.2% experienced persistently elevated symptoms over time.