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The construction sector faces persistent challenges in productivity, innovation, and fragmented organizational practices. Artificial Intelligence (AI) offers transformative potential in Smart Buildings and Construction 4.0 (SBC4.0), yet organizational-level implementation remains underexplored. This paper develops an integrated framework grounded in institutional theory, the resource-based view, and dynamic capabilities, validated through a survey of large Chinese construction firms using partial least squares structural equation modeling. Findings identify three key AI implementation areas — smart building operation and health, construction and material optimization, and offsite manufacturing and automation — each shaped by distinct configurations of normative and mimetic pressures, coercive forces, organizational management, technological feasibility, and resources and capabilities. The framework provides a roadmap for policymakers in industry and government navigating the intricacies of AI in SBC4.0 to enhance operational efficiency and organizational performance. It also establishes a foundation for future cross-national research on AI implementation across varied construction and regulatory contexts.
Zhang et al. (Tue,) studied this question.