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We describe a flexible emulsification method using an electric field to generate droplets in a hydrodynamic-flow-focusing geometry in microchannels. The droplet size is controlled by the ratio of inner and outer flow rates as well as by the electric field. As the voltage increases, the droplet size decreases. A Taylor cone is formed and generates very fine droplets, less than 1μm in diameter. Small inner flow rates and high electric fields are required to form a stable Taylor cone in a dc electric field. An ac electric field produces tiny droplets periodically.
Kim et al. (Mon,) studied this question.