A novel deep learning algorithm for real-time prediction of clinical deterioration in the emergency department for a multimodal clinical decision support system

The array of complex and evolving patient data has limited clinical decision making in the emergency department (ED). This study introduces an advanced deep learning algorithm designed to enhance real-time prediction accuracy for integration into a novel Clinical Decision Support System (CDSS). A retrospective study was conducted using data from a level 1 tertiary hospital. The algorithm's predictive performance was evaluated based on in-hospital cardiac arrest, inotropic circulatory support, advanced airway, and intensive care unit admission. We developed an artificial intelligence (AI) algorithm for CDSS that integrates multiple data modalities, including vitals, laboratory, and imaging results from electronic health records. The AI model was trained and tested on a dataset of 237,059 ED visits. The algorithm's predictions, based solely on triage information, significantly outperformed traditional logistic regression models, with notable improvements in the area under the precision-recall curve (AUPRC). Additionally, predictive accuracy improved with the inclusion of continuous data input at shorter intervals. This study suggests the feasibility of using AI algorithms in diverse clinical scenarios, particularly for earlier detection of clinical deterioration. Future work should focus on expanding the dataset and enhancing real-time data integration across multiple centers to further optimize its application within the novel CDSS.