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Hybrid energy systems, including hybrid power generation and hybrid energy storage, have attracted considerable attention as eco-friendly solutions to meet the increasing global energy demands while minimizing environmental impacts. The economic viability and resilience of hybrid energy system solutions depend on careful consideration of economic and reliability factors during the design phase. This paper explores the optimization and design of a wind turbine (WT)/photovoltaic (PV) system coupled with a hybrid energy storage system combining mechanical gravity energy storage (GES) and an electrochemical battery system. An adaptive energy management strategy linked to an optimization process has been proposed for the optimal integration of the WT/PV system with the hybrid Gravity/Battery storage system. Forecast models have been employed to predict solar and wind generation. Simulation models are developed for each component of the multi-source power plant to predict energy flow behavior based on real-world industrial load demand scenarios. The renewables contribution to 100 % reliability is approximately 18 % for photovoltaic and 92 % for wind turbine, primarily attributed to the great wind energy potential of the selected site. The optimal cost of energy is 0.28 €/kWh for a reliability of 100 %, which reduces to 0.03€/kWh when reliability level is decreased to 20 %. The incorporation of forecast models into the study and the hybridization of storage options improve the design accuracy and optimal operation of the multi-source power system leading to reliable and efficient use of renewable energy.
Emrani et al. (Mon,) studied this question.