Modeling fixed‐bed coal gasifiers

Abstract A one‐dimensional model of countercurrent fixed‐bed coal gasification has been developed, and results have been compared to experimental data from commercial‐scale gasifiers. The steady‐state model considers separate gas and solid temperatures, axially variable solid and gas flow rates, variable bed void fraction, coal drying, devolatilization based on chemical functional group composition, oxidation and gasification of char, and partial equilibrium in the gas phase. Generalized treatment of gas‐phase chemistry and accounting for variable bed void fraction were necessary to predict realistic axial temperature and pressure profiles in an atmospheric fixed‐bed gasifier. Model evaluation includes sensitivity of axial temperature profiles to model options, model parameters and operational parameters. Model predictions agree reasonably well with experimental temperature and pressure profile data for gasification of eight coal types ranging from lignite to bituminous. The relative importance of char oxidation resistances to bulk film diffusion, ash diffusion, and chemical reaction is identified.