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Hydrogen production through water electrolysis is becoming increasingly important in the transition to renewable energy. Recent developments in electrolyser stack performance, including proton exchange membrane , alkaline, anion exchange membrane , solid oxide and proton-conducting ceramic water electrolyser technologies are highlighted in this review. Catalyst and membrane innovations have decreased energy losses while improving reaction kinetics and durability. The improvement in energy conversion efficiency has been achieved mainly through the control of temperature and pressure. Integrating these technologies with clean energy sources can optimize the effective use of renewable energy sources which are fluctuating power supplies. The review also highlights the significance of engineering and novel materials in producing more hydrogen and prolonging the life of water electrolysers, especially in their stack design. Industrial sectors involved in decarbonization could gain from these advancements.
Madila et al. (Fri,) studied this question.