Vernacular Knowledge for Modern Sustainability: Integrating Traditional Construction Practices for Thermal Comfort in Rajasthan

Achieving thermal comfort in built environments is essential for sustainable development, especially in arid areas like Rajasthan, where extreme summer heat poses challenges for conventional construction practices. This paper explores the incorporation of vernacular construction techniques, such as lime plaster on red burnt brick walls and the use of locally sourced Dulmera sandstone, in modern sustainable architecture. Traditionally used indoors, lime plaster facilitates natural breathability, humidity control, and thermal regulation, which supports green building principles. Dulmera sandstone, utilized on exterior façades, boasts high thermal mass and natural insulation properties, which help minimize internal heat gain without relying on mechanical solutions. These materials not only lower energy consumption but also assist in achieving green certification standards like GRIHA and LEED, particularly regarding passive design and material requirements. The paper proposes a hybrid model that combines these traditional practices with contemporary technologies, such as insulation layering, structural retrofitting, and smart ventilation systems. This method promotes energy efficiency, occupant comfort, and cultural continuity while adhering to environmental policies focused on carbon reduction and climate adaptation. Through case studies and performance evaluations, this paper underscores the promise of region-specific, climate-responsive strategies in developing future-ready sustainable buildings, particularly within institutional and organizational contexts throughout the Western part of Rajasthan in India. This approach not only enhances the resilience of structures against extreme weather conditions but also fosters a sense of community and identity by integrating local architectural styles. By prioritizing sustainable practices, stakeholders can ensure that future developments are both environmentally responsible and culturally relevant, paving the way for a more sustainable future in the region. This commitment to sustainability addresses the immediate challenges posed by climate change and empowers local communities by creating job opportunities and promoting the use of indigenous materials. To understand the hybrid model, two diverse urban patches of Bikaner, the vernacular area and the modern colonial settlement, respectively, were analyzed. A hybrid model, focused on in this paper, emphasizes integrating traditional materials and passive strategies in the development of contemporary urban forms. As a result, these developments can serve as models for other regions, demonstrating the potential for harmonizing modern needs with traditional values. Values, fostering a sense of pride and ownership among residents. By integrating traditional practices with innovative technologies, these projects can help preserve cultural heritage while addressing contemporary issues, ultimately leading to resilient and vibrant communities.