Validation of open-source minimal TE sequences across three independent sites

We validated five open-source PyPulseq minimal TE sequences (half/full pulse 2D/3D UTEs and COncurrent Dephasing and Excitation (CODE)) at three sites with different scanner models. The ISMRM/NIST T2 array and a porcine muscle and bone sample were imaged. SNR, contrast-to-noise ratio (CNR), and T2 contrast curves were calculated and compared. We found that the sequences were able to recover more SNR from bone tissue compared to vendor GRE (an additional 50% - 1060% for 3T and 34% - 474% for 1.5T) and higher signal for short-T2 spheres but intersite differences existed that were consistent with field strengths.