Abstract Mango peel waste is a rich source of bioactive compounds with potential for sustainable valorization. In this study, coarse and fine mango peel powders were subjected to ethanolic and supercritical CO₂ extraction. The resulting extracts were evaluated for phenolic and flavonoid content, antioxidant activity (DPPH and FRAP), as well as antibacterial, antiadhesion, and antibiofilm properties against six multidrug-resistant foodborne pathogens. The ethanolic extract from fine mango peel powder (EMPF) exhibited the highest phenolic (2488 µg GA eq/mL) and flavonoid (1282 µg rutin eq/mL) content, with quercetin (63.75 mg/L) and p-hydroxybenzoic acid (28.68 mg/L) as major compounds, and showed strong antioxidant activity (RSA = 40%, FRAP = 0.804). To enhance stability and bioactivity, EMPF was nanoencapsulated in calcium alginate (N-EMPF), yielding a favorable particle size (~ 233 nm), zeta potential (+ 23.6 mV), and encapsulation efficiency (56%). Nanoencapsulation improved antioxidant activity (RSA = 49%, TFC = 1566 µg rutin eq/mL) and significantly enhanced antimicrobial, antiadhesion, and antibiofilm effects, while maintaining low cytotoxicity in human oral epithelial cells (IC₅₀ > 100 µg/mL; viability > 70%). These findings demonstrate that nanoencapsulated ethanolic mango peel extracts represent safe, multifunctional, and sustainable sources of antioxidant, antibacterial, and antibiofilm agents with promising potential for biotechnological applications.
Ibrahim et al. (Sun,) studied this question.