This work extends the Primary Energy theory (Paygachkin, 2026, Zenodo: 10. 5281/zenodo. 18243276) to explain the anomalous brightness of high-redshift galaxies observed by the James Webb Space Telescope. The model demonstrates that surface brightness falls as (1+z) ^-1 rather than (1+z) ^-4 predicted by ΛCDM, providing a natural solution to the Tolman test crisis without requiring exotic galaxy evolution scenarios.
Sergey Yurevich Paigachkin (Sat,) studied this question.