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This research aims to assess the association between the metal mixture inflammation index (MMII) and all-cause mortality in patients with cardiovascular-kidney-metabolic syndrome stages 0-3.

March 4, 2026Open Access

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The Impact of the Metal Mixture Inflammation Index on All-Cause Mortality in Patients With Cardiovascular-Kidney-Metabolic Syndrome Stages 0-3: A Study Based on NHANES 1999-2010.

Key Points

This research aims to assess the association between the metal mixture inflammation index (MMII) and all-cause mortality in patients with cardiovascular-kidney-metabolic syndrome stages 0-3.
Analyzed NHANES data from 1999-2010
Focused on individuals with cardiovascular-kidney-metabolic syndrome stages 0-3
Assessed the relationship between MMII and mortality rates
MMII is significantly associated with increased all-cause mortality
Highlights the role of multiple metal exposures as a risk factor
Emphasizes the importance of managing environmental health for chronic diseases

Abstract

In the U.S. population with CKM Stages 0-3, MMII is significantly associated with all-cause mortality. These findings highlight the importance of the inflammatory burden resulting from multiple metal exposures as a significant risk factor for all-cause mortality in early-stage CKM syndrome, underscoring the need for environmental health management and integrated approaches to chronic disease prevention.

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View Full Paper

The Impact of the Metal Mixture Inflammation Index on All-Cause Mortality in Patients With Cardiovascular-Kidney-Metabolic Syndrome Stages 0-3: A Study Based on NHANES 1999-2010.

Key Points

Abstract

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