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Analysis shows metal mixture inflammation index associates with all-cause mortality in cardiovascular-kidney-metabolic syndrome, suggesting environmental health importance.
In the U.S. population with CKM Stages 0-3, MMII is significantly associated with all-cause mortality. These findings highlight the importance of the inflammatory burden resulting from multiple metal exposures as a significant risk factor for all-cause mortality in early-stage CKM syndrome, underscoring the need for environmental health management and integrated approaches to chronic disease prevention.
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Ding et al. (2026) studied this question.
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