What question did this study set out to answer?

The research aims to assess the 5-year incidence of complications in lung transplant recipients using a competing risks analysis.

March 14, 2026Open Access

Five-Year Competing Risk Analysis of Infectious and Non-Infectious Complications After Lung Transplantation: Real-World Evidence from a Multicenter EHR-Based Cohort

Key Points

The research aims to assess the 5-year incidence of complications in lung transplant recipients using a competing risks analysis.
Analyzed data from 10,648 lung transplant recipients
Utilized the TriNetX U.S. Collaborative Network
Employed the Aalen-Johansen method for cumulative incidence estimation
Identified major infectious and non-infectious complications
Conducted statistical analyses to determine outcome significance
Infectious complications had a 5-year cumulative incidence of 30.88%
Non-infectious complications had a 5-year cumulative incidence of 30.28%
Mortality rate was recorded at 10.62%
Cytomegalovirus (CMV) presented the highest infectious burden at 17.02%
Statistical analyses revealed significant differences across the identified outcomes (p < 0.001)

Abstract

This study evaluates the 5-year incidence of major post-transplant outcomes using a competing risks framework.We analyzed data from 10,648 LTx recipients using the TriNetX U.S. Collaborative Network (January 1, 2015, to December 31, 2024).The Aalen-Johansen method was used to estimate the cumulative incidence function (CIF) of post-transplant complications.Infectious complications had the highest 5-year CIF (30.88%) and steepest annual trend (5.79%), slightly exceeding non-infectious complications (30.28%, 5.69%).Mortality reached 10.62%, and malignancies 6.72%.CMV showed the highest infectious burden (CIF 17.02%, annual trend 3.40%), with a steep rise within the first 180 days.Bacterial pneumonia followed a slower but sustained trajectory (CIF 9.1%, 1.8% annually).Statistical analyses confirmed significant differences across all outcomes (p < 0.001).Infectious and non-infectious J o u r n a l P r e -p r o o f complications dominate the post-LTx landscape and follow distinct temporal trajectories.Our data underscores the need for dynamic, risk-based surveillance and individualized prevention strategies to optimize long-term transplant outcomes.

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Cite This Study

Contreras et al. (Sun,) studied this question.

synapsesocial.com/papers/69b4fb1bb39f7826a300bba3 https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhlto.2026.100536

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