Theoretical and Methodological Foundations for Developing Legal Competence in Students Based on the Subject of Education

: This paper investigates the theoretical and methodological foundations underpinning the development of legal competence in students within the context of subject-based education. Legal competence is conceptualized as a multidimensional construct encompassing legal knowledge, normative consciousness, civic responsibility, and the practical ability to apply legal norms in everyday and professional situations. The study draws upon cognitive-constructivist learning theory, activity-based pedagogy, and competence-oriented didactics to propose an integrative framework for embedding legal competence development across educational disciplines. The paper argues that subject-based instruction—spanning humanities, social sciences, and even natural sciences—provides fertile terrain for contextualizing legal content, enabling students to internalize legal values not merely as abstract norms but as living principles of social conduct. Empirical observations from pedagogical practice confirm that students who encounter legal themes in contextually rich, subject-relevant settings demonstrate significantly greater normative awareness and civic engagement. The paper concludes by offering methodological recommendations for curriculum designers, educators, and policy makers seeking to institutionalize legal competence as a cross-curricular outcome.