Relationship Between Na + -Ca 2+ –Exchanger Protein Levels and Diastolic Function of Failing Human Myocardium

Background —In the failing human heart, sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR) calcium handling is impaired, and therefore, calcium elimination and diastolic function may depend on the expression of sarcolemmal Na + -Ca 2+ exchanger. Methods and Results —Force-frequency relations were studied in ventricular muscle strip preparations from failing human hearts (n=29). Protein levels of Na + -Ca 2+ exchanger and SR Ca 2+ -ATPase were measured in the same hearts. Hearts were divided into 3 groups by discriminant analysis according to the behavior of diastolic function when stimulation rate of muscle strips was increased from 30 to 180 min −1 . At 180 compared with 30 min −1 , diastolic force was increased by 160%, maximum rate of force decline was decreased by 46%, and relaxation time was unchanged in group III. In contrast, in group I, diastolic force and maximum rate of force decline did not change, and relaxation time decreased by 20%. Na + -Ca 2+ exchanger was 66% higher in group I than in group III. Na + -Ca 2+ exchanger was inversely correlated with the frequency-dependent rise of diastolic force when stimulation rate was increased ( r =−0.74; P <0.001). Compared with nonfailing human hearts (n=6), SR Ca 2+ -ATPase was decreased and Na + -Ca 2+ exchanger unchanged in group III, whereas Na + -Ca 2+ exchanger was increased and SR Ca 2+ -ATPase unchanged in group I. Results with group II hearts were between those of group I and group III hearts. Conclusions —By discriminating failing human hearts according to their diastolic function, we identified different phenotypes. Disturbed diastolic function occurs in hearts with decreased SR Ca 2+ -ATPase and unchanged Na + -Ca 2+ exchanger, whereas increased expression of the Na + -Ca 2+ exchanger is associated with preserved diastolic function.