Impact Damage and Mechanisms of Pelton Turbine’s Substrate Material under Sediment-Laden Jet Impact at Various Angles

Key Points

• Investigate the erosion mechanisms of X3CrNiMo13-4 stainless steel under sediment-laden water jet impact at different angles.
• Conducted erosion tests using weight loss, depth measurement, and morphological analysis at various impact angles.
• Analyzed wear patterns and material loss through different sediment jet angles ranging from 30° to 90°.
• Wear rate increases with angle until peaking at 45°, then decreases thereafter.
• At 45°, maximum wear area and volume loss are observed with significant morphological changes.
• At 30°, wear manifests as narrow grooves, while at 90°, different impact zones on the substrate lead to diverse wear patterns.