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Experimental study in gaseous helium at low temperature (4 K) of thermal convection up to a Rayleigh number R=10^11. Three regimes are observed, a chaotic state up to R=2. 510^5, a soft-turbulence state up to R=410^7, and then a hard-turbulence state. We associate those three regimes to the boundary-layer formation and dynamics.
Heslot et al. (Tue,) studied this question.
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